Perl - 第二十章 | Perl 發送電子郵件

這邊提供十分鐘臨時信箱做以下示範：連結

如果你在 Linux/Unix 機器上工作，那麼你可以簡單地在 Perl 程序中使用sendmail實用程序來發送電子郵件。這是一個可以向給定電子郵件 ID 發送電子郵件的範例腳本。只需確保給定的 sendmail 實用程序路徑正確即可。對於你的 Linux/Unix 機器，這可能會有所不同。

#!/usr/bin/perl
 
$to = 'fwrrotkjeremnbnqpf@twzhhq.com';
$from = 'morosedog@jj.com';
$subject = 'Test Email';
$message = 'This is test email sent by Perl Script';
 
open(MAIL, "|/usr/sbin/sendmail -t");
 
# Email Header
print MAIL "To: $to\n";
print MAIL "From: $from\n";
print MAIL "Subject: $subject\n\n";
# Email Body
print MAIL $message;

close(MAIL);
print "Email Sent Successfully\n";

執行以上程序，輸出結果為：

1	Email Sent Successfully

實際上，上面的腳本是一個客戶端電子郵件腳本，它將起草電子郵件並提交到在你的 Linux/Unix 機器上本地運行的服務器。此腳本不負責將電子郵件發送到實際目的地。因此，你必須確保電子郵件服務器在你的計算機上正確配置並運行，以將電子郵件發送到給定的電子郵件 ID。

發送 HTML 消息

如果你想使用 sendmail 發送 HTML 格式的電子郵件，那麼你只需在電子郵件的標題部分添加Content-type: text/html\n，如下所示：

#!/usr/bin/perl
 
$to = 'fwrrotkjeremnbnqpf@twzhhq.com';
$from = 'morosedog@jj.com';
$subject = 'Test Email';
$message = '<h1>This is test email sent by Perl Script</h1>';
 
open(MAIL, "|/usr/sbin/sendmail -t");
 
# Email Header
print MAIL "To: $to\n";
print MAIL "From: $from\n";
print MAIL "Subject: $subject\n\n";
print MAIL "Content-type: text/html\n";
# Email Body
print MAIL $message;

close(MAIL);
print "Email Sent Successfully\n";

執行以上程序，輸出結果為：

1	Email Sent Successfully

使用 MIME::Lite 模組

如果你在 Windows 機器上工作，那麼你將無法訪問 sendmail 實用程序。但是你可以使用 MIME:Lite perl 模塊編寫自己的電子郵件客戶端。你可以從MIME-Lite-3.01.tar.gz下載此模塊並將其安裝在 Windows 或 Linux/Unix 計算機上。

Windows 按照簡單的步驟安裝它 -

$ tar xvfz MIME-Lite-3.01.tar.gz
$ cd MIME-Lite-3.01
$ perl Makefile.PL
$ make
$ make install

MacOS 透過 cpan 安裝它 -

1	$ cpan MIME::Lite

安裝過程訊息：

Loading internal logger. Log::Log4perl recommended for better logging
Reading '/Users/morose/.cpan/Metadata'
  Database was generated on Wed, 02 Jun 2021 03:55:43 GMT
Fetching with LWP:
http://www.cpan.org/authors/01mailrc.txt.gz
Reading '/Users/morose/.cpan/sources/authors/01mailrc.txt.gz'
............................................................................DONE
Fetching with LWP:
http://www.cpan.org/modules/02packages.details.txt.gz
Reading '/Users/morose/.cpan/sources/modules/02packages.details.txt.gz'
  Database was generated on Mon, 07 Jun 2021 00:55:37 GMT
............................................................................DONE
Fetching with LWP:
http://www.cpan.org/modules/03modlist.data.gz
Reading '/Users/morose/.cpan/sources/modules/03modlist.data.gz'
DONE
Writing /Users/morose/.cpan/Metadata
Running install for module 'MIME::Lite'
Fetching with LWP:
http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/R/RJ/RJBS/MIME-Lite-3.031.tar.gz
Checksum for /Users/morose/.cpan/sources/authors/id/R/RJ/RJBS/MIME-Lite-3.031.tar.gz ok
'YAML' not installed, will not store persistent state
Configuring R/RJ/RJBS/MIME-Lite-3.031.tar.gz with Makefile.PL
MIME::Lite is designed to take advantage of a variety of external modules
if they are not present then MIME::Lite will attempt to do its best
but its strongly recommend that you install them.

... 中間省略

Installing /usr/local/Cellar/perl/5.34.0/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.34.0/MIME/Lite.pm
Installing /usr/local/Cellar/perl/5.34.0/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.34.0/MIME/changes.pod
Installing /usr/local/Cellar/perl/5.34.0/share/man/man3/MIME::Lite.3
Installing /usr/local/Cellar/perl/5.34.0/share/man/man3/MIME::changes.3
Appending installation info to /usr/local/Cellar/perl/5.34.0/lib/perl5/5.34.0/darwin-thread-multi-2level/perllocal.pod
  RJBS/MIME-Lite-3.031.tar.gz
  /usr/bin/make install  -- OK

就是這樣，你將在你的機器上安裝 MIME::Lite 模塊。現在你已準備好使用下面解釋的簡單腳本發送電子郵件。

註：CPAN搜尋網

發送普通消息

現在以下是一個腳本，它將負責將電子郵件發送到給定的電子郵件 ID：

#!/usr/bin/perl
use MIME::Lite;
 
$to = 'fwrrotkjeremnbnqpf@twzhhq.com';
$cc = 'efgh@mail.com';
$from = 'morosedog@jj.com';
$subject = 'Test Email';
$message = 'This is test email sent by Perl Script';

$msg = MIME::Lite->new(
                 From     => $from,
                 To       => $to,
                 Cc       => $cc,
                 Subject  => $subject,
                 Data     => $message
                 );
                 
$msg->send;
print "Email Sent Successfully\n";

執行以上程序，輸出結果為：

1	Email Sent Successfully

發送 HTML 消息

如果你想使用 sendmail 發送 HTML 格式的電子郵件，那麼你只需在電子郵件的標題部分添加Content-type: text/html\n 即可。以下是腳本，它將負責發送 HTML 格式的電子郵件：

#!/usr/bin/perl
use MIME::Lite;
 
$to = 'fwrrotkjeremnbnqpf@twzhhq.com';
$cc = 'efgh@mail.com';
$from = 'morosedog@jj.com';
$subject = 'Test Email';
$message = '<h1>This is test email sent by Perl Script</h1>';

$msg = MIME::Lite->new(
                 From     => $from,
                 To       => $to,
                 Cc       => $cc,
                 Subject  => $subject,
                 Data     => $message
                 );
                 
$msg->attr("content-type" => "text/html");         
$msg->send;
print "Email Sent Successfully\n";

執行以上程序，輸出結果為：

1	Email Sent Successfully

發送附件

如果你想發送附件，則以下腳本可達到目的：

#!/usr/bin/perl
use MIME::Lite;
 
$to = 'fwrrotkjeremnbnqpf@twzhhq.com';
$cc = 'efgh@mail.com';
$from = 'morosedog@jj.com';
$subject = 'Test Email';
$message = 'This is test email sent by Perl Script';

$msg = MIME::Lite->new(
                 From     => $from,
                 To       => $to,
                 Cc       => $cc,
                 Subject  => $subject,
                 Type     => 'multipart/mixed'
                 );
                 
# Add your text message.
$msg->attach(Type         => 'text',
             Data         => $message
             );
            
# Specify your file as attachement.
$msg->attach(Type         => 'image/gif',
             Path         => '/tmp/logo.gif',
             Filename     => 'logo.gif',
             Disposition  => 'attachment'
            );       
$msg->send;
print "Email Sent Successfully\n";